Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the specific weight of a fluid to the specific. Api is a specific gravity scale developed by the american petroleum institute for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids 8. Relative density specific gravity for common liquids. In this paper, a numerical procedure is used to determine the relative density of a numerical sample using dem considering the confining pressure dependency. Relative density is defined as the ratio between density and density of the reference object. In most cases, water is used as the standard material, and in this case, relative density is. Relative density density of oildensity of water 917. Standard test method for density, relative density, and api gravity of liquids by digital density meter1 this standard is issued under the. D405218a standard test method for density, relative density, and api gravity of liquids by digital density meter. Standard test method for density, relative density, and. Hence, it is a dimensionless quantity, and has no measuring unit.
Influence of relative density of soil on performance of geocellreinforced sand foundations article pdf available in journal of materials in civil engineering 225 may 2010 with 1,796 reads. Relative density, or specific gravity, is the ratio of the density mass of a unit volume of a substance to the density of a given reference material. The tube in below figure is filled with oil of relative density 0. Density is the ratio between the mass and the volume of a body. In laymans terms, density is the mass of an object relative to the volume it occupies.
Relative density or specific gravity, s, is the density normalized with the density of water at a. Relative density has no units because it is the ratio between the similar physical quantities density. Density is the ratio of a substances mass to its own volume. Testing and materials astm standard test methods d. Api is devised jointly by the american petroleum institute and the nist national institute of standards and technology. We know the standard fluid is water so for liquid the water is standard fluid and. Pdf influence of relative density of soil on performance. Application of density meters to liquid hydrocarbon. Temperature and pressure volume correction factors for generalised crude oils, refined products and lubricating oils. Indianwood avenue broken arrow, oklahoma 74012 history the terms specific gravity and relative density have been used for a number of years. Thus relative density dr, also called density index id, is. Relative density is density of an object in terms of the density of another reference object.
The relative density of the fiberpolymer sample can be measured using a density gradient column. If the reference material is water then a substance with a relative density or specific gravity less than 1 will float in water. They are many common crude types like west texas, brent api gravity is a measure of. Among the standard physical analyses, such as flash point, vapor pressure, viscosity, etc. If you mean petroleum aka oil for producing gasoline, etc. The term relative density is often preferred in scientific usage. Its application is restricted to liquids with total vapor pressures see test method d5191 typically below 100. Yet there seems to be some confusion over what exactly they mean. The molecules of water cant mix with the molecules of oil.
Relative density density of the substancedensity of water at 4 0 c. Equal volumes of different substances have different masses or weights. The relative density d204, density at 20 degrees centigrade relative to. Paper please note that paper format is currently unavailable.
Densities and viscosities of vegetable oils of nutritional value. Density, relative density specific gravity, or api gravity of crude petroleum and liquid. Considerations for various methods for density and specific gravity. Relative density of cohesionless soils is defined as the ratio of the difference between the void ratio of a cohesion less soil in the loosest state and insitu void ratio to the difference between its void ratios in the loosest and the densest states. Objec tively, heavy oils are characterized by a high specific gravity, elevated viscosity, low hc ratio as well as high contents of asphaltene, resin, heavy metals.
Api gravity express the gravity or density of crude oil and liquid petroleum products. First off you should be more specific as to the type of oil as it varies with type and temperature. In the metric system the unit of density for a liquid or solid is measured in gml or gcm3. If the weight of the oil was measured in ounces, convert this to grams by multiplying by 28. Correlations for crude oil density and temperature are found by use of tools based on astm d 125004 and ip 20004 api manual of petroleum measurement standards, chapter 11 physical properties data, section 1. Given the scope for batchtobatch variation, it is fortunate that the composition of oil sold as tto is regulated by an. The measuring scale is calibrated in terms of degrees api. Standard test method for density, relative density, or api. Specific gravity for liquids is nearly always measured with respect to water at its densest at 4 c or 39. Api gravity to specific gravity and density chart if you need need to convert other value use our online api gravity calculator on the top. Box 470710, tulsa, ok 741470710 history the terms specific gravity and relative density have been used for a number of years. Properties of fluidmass density, specific weight, volume.
Densities of vegetable oils and fatty acids unl digital commons. Most important the specific gravity is called relative density. Essential oils determination of relative density at 20 degrees c reference method. Mathematically, density, mass and volume are related according to the following formula. How to measure the density of an unknown oil sciencing. Request pdf densities and viscosities of vegetable oils of nutritional value. The specifics of the test method for density, relative density, and api gravity of petroleum products can be found in the astm d405218a standard.
Astm d405218 standard test method for density, relative. Calculate density by dividing the mass in grams by the volume in milliliters. Density, specific weight,specific gravity, viscosity. Use the density of water to find the relative densities of the cooking oil and the glycerine. Teacher packs in experimental science phy pack 9 determination. Relative density of cohesionless soils this method of test is intended for determining the relative density of cohesionless freedraining soils for which impact compaction will not produce a well defined moisture density relationship curve and the maximum density by impact methods will generally be less than by vibratory methods. Pdf density determination of ethyl acetatepalm oil mixture in. Even if you try to shake up a bottle of halfoil and halfwater, the oil just breaks up into smaller droplets, but it doesnt truly mix with. Standard test method for density, relative density, and api gravity of liquids by digital. Pdf determination of relative density of a granular.
Manual of petroleum measurement standards mpms, chapter 9. For example 1 m 3 of lead weighs differently from 1 m 3 of wood. Ce 342 geotechnical engineering laboratory video taken by 1004185 on behalf of group 04 10041821004187, section c 2, dept. Difference between relative density and density compare. For the determination of density in crude oil samples use test method d5002. Crude oil samples can be classified as medium or heavylight, according to their api gravity. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products. The ratio between density of a substance and density of water is called relative density. Dyc in, lincoln, nebraska 685880126 a glass cylinder was installed through one of the holes in the hath cover assembly. The specific gravity and density measure mente were performed according to american society for. Physical and chemical properties of crude oil and oil products 1 density, specific gravity, and api gravity density is defined as mass per unit volume of a fluid. Method for determination of specific gravity and density of petroleum.
Api gravity calculator crude oil api gravity chart. Also 1 m 3 of water has a weight different from that of sulphuric acid or palm oil of the same volume. We have knowledgeable people ready to help in english, spanish, malay and mandarin. Specific gravity is an expression of density in relation to the density of a standard or reference usually water. This is defined as the ratio of the density or weight density of a fluid to density or weight density of a standard fluid. Relative density, on the other hand, is the ratio between the density of an object substance and the density of some other reference object substance at some given temperature. Some of the chemical and physical properties of tto components are shown in table 2. Standard test method for density, relative density. Both density and specific gravity describe mass and may be used to compare different substances.
As for other liquids, the density of vegetable oils is temper. Methods for the determination of specific gravity myles j. Each colored line represents a crude oil with a given density at a. First of all, you confirmed what you already knew oil and water do not mix. Energy production oil, hydropower, nuclear energy, natural gas.
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